One of the major concerns of rationalist modular homes —especially in Germany— was that of social housing. The ravages of the First World War favored the rise of socialist ideas, to which numerous modular homes adhered, concerned with finding solutions for the housing needs of the working class. In France, the HBM (habitat a bon marche, "cheap housing") organizations promoted the construction of houses in the so-called "red belt" of Paris, and Henri Sauvage devised his stepped apartment buildings, such as the one on rue des Amiraux ( 1913-1928). In the Netherlands, the Amsterdam School experimented with social housing with a sculptural aesthetic, while in Belgium, garden cities were promoted through cooperative movements. In Scandinavia, self-construction was encouraged. But the main boom in social housing occurred in Germany, especially during the Weimar Republic, with the phenomenon of the siedlung (plural siedlungen, translatable as settlement or urbanization), residential complexes of houses or blocks of flats located on the outskirts of large cities, organized rationally with the premises of wide spaces, green areas and optimal healthy conditions of sunlight and ventilation. Among the main achievements are those by Bruno Taut and Martin Wagner in Berlin (six ensembles: Falkenberg Garden City, Siedlung Schillerpark, Gro?iedlung Britz, Wohnstadt Carl Legien, Wei?e Stadt and Gro?iedlung Siemensstadt), by Otto Haesler in Celle (Italienischer Garten, Georgsgarten ) and Ernst May in Frankfurt (Romerstadt, Praunheim, Westhausen, Hohenblick), as well as the Wei?enhofsiedlung in Stuttgart, the colony organized by the Deutscher Werkbund in 1927 in which many international modular homes took part. Opposite to the typology of houses with gardens sponsored by the siedlungen, in Austria the concept of Hofe (courtyard) was developed, large apartment blocks for collective housing, such as those of the Red Vienna, among which the Karl Marx-Hof of Vienna, work of Karl Ehn (1927). After the Second World War, large transitional housing plans arose to alleviate the ravages of war, generally financed by the states, while Le Corbusier proposed his Unite d'Habitation (like that of Marseille, 1947-1952), large blocks of homes with all the services to constitute self-sufficient entities.500

Design and decoration

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